Chapter 40 — Big Numeric

Arbitrary‑precision numerics in Java center on BigDecimal (exact decimal arithmetic) and BigInteger (unbounded integers). These types are the foundation for finance, precise measurements, and cryptographic computations where primitive types are insufficient.

What You’ll Learn

• Correct use of BigDecimal for money and precise decimal math
• Advanced BigInteger operations: modular arithmetic, primes, and crypto helpers
• Monetary calculations: rounding, scaling, currency formatting, common patterns
• Performance strategies, benchmarks, and pitfalls

Use this chapter to design robust numeric pipelines that remain correct under rounding, scaling, and extremely large values.