4.1 Overview

Modern Java models domains with two key constructs: records for value-centric data and sealed types for constrained hierarchies. This chapter provides a practical path to design expressive, safe APIs and domain models.

You will learn:

  • When to choose classes vs records
  • How to enforce invariants via compact constructors
  • How sealed hierarchies enable exhaustive switch handling
  • How record patterns power concise, declarative logic
  • Real-world examples that tie patterns to production code

Navigate using the sections that follow for deeper dives.